Daniel Defoe
Daniel Defoe was born in 1660, in London, actually he was originally christened Daniel Foe. He changed his name around the age of thirty-five, cause of sound more aristocratic, more gentlemanly. He was a succesfull merchant.
In literature, Daniel Defoe or Foe is the founder of the early bourgeois realistic novel and also he is the first and foremost a journalist, and also Foe is the father of modern English Periodicals. He was successful in journalism and literature and interested in politics, So his first literary work was a political pamphlet in 1683. While Defoe was twenty-three he started writing pamphlets and he continued writing as a political writer and then as a journalist until 1700s. When the Protestant King William III was placed on the throne, many of Defoe's works during this period (1689) targeted support King William III and his pamphlets praising King William III's policy.
During the reign of Queen Anne, cause of his writings (pamphlets) was about in defense of Dissenters, he was sentenced to seven years improsenment in 1713. After death of Queen Anne, when the Whigs came to power, Defoe began to serve them again.
In 1719, Foe/Defoe took a new kind of literature, age of 59, when he published a novel which brought him world wide fame, a fiction novel based on several short essays, The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe. When the book published, Defoe became famous and rich, and was able to pay his creditors. Not only "Robinson Crusoe, he also wrote more novels which were populer during his lifetime, but we know only some of them.
Daniel Defoe's other works:
"Moll Flanders" (1721)
"The Life of Captain Singleton" (1720)
"The History of Colonel Jack" (1722) and
His last major fiction piece, "A History of the Lady Roxana" (1724)
Robinson Crusoe
The book is about 27 chapter.In the first quarter of the 18th century, voyoges and new discoveries were extremely populer, and the book, Robinson Crusoe is the story of a young Englishman who defies his parents2 wishes and goes to the seas seeking adventures. Robinson Crusoe is based on the true-life events of Alexandre Selkirk, a Scottish Sailor, who survived four years and four months with his captain on a Pacific island.
Robinson Crusoe is the first novel which written in the English language. Most of us don't know the original title of Robinson Crusoe. Real title was the 374 characters long:
The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, Of York, Mariner: Who Lived Eight and Twenty Years, all alone in an un-inhabited Island on the Coast of America, near the Mouth of the Great River of Oroonoque; Having been cast on Shore by Shipwreck, Wherein all the Men Perished but himself. Withan Account how he was at last as strangely deliver'd by Pyrates.
At the beginning of the story the hero is an unexperienced youth, a boy, who devolops himself into a strong-willed man. After the ship excident, shipwreck, He tried to be reasonable. He knows that he must not give up and give way to self-pity and fear or to lose himself in mourning for his lost friends. Crusoe's charasteristics trait mostly is his optimism. He has some guiding principles such as "never say die", "in trouble to be troubled is to have your trouble droubled". Just like normal people during the earthquakes, troubles, illnes, panic overtake him, but never for long time. He believes that confidence is in the power of man to overcome all difficulties and hardships, Crusoe always hopes for the best because he is an enthusiastic worker.After he gets a pen and ink he begins to keep a journal. He is practical and also typically bourgeois. He doesn't look island as a it's beuty, he doesn't care for scenery. He regards the island as his personal property. He likes to be master of it and he proud that everything belongs to him.
He believes in God and in the hand of Providence. In desperate moments he turns to God for help. After crash he began to communicate with God, and it was the first part of his religious conversion. It is not only a work of fiction, a book of adventures, biography; it is a study of man in relation to labour, to nature, to private property.
The other central character of the book is the man Friday. Foe makes the reader sympathize with Friday. He is generous, intelligent, brave and skilful. He performs all the tasks well. Crusoe teaches him to speak English and is astonished how quickly the man begins to understand the language. Shortly the savage is portrayed as a kind-hearted human being, it's about human being.
The novel "Robinson Crusoe" is a glorification of energy and practicism yet these qualities are exaggerated when concentrated in one man. And also about characteristic Individualism of Defoe. According to the author, man can live without other humans, no other hands to help him however, Crusoe succeeds in making things using the tools he has found on the ship, tools made by many other people. Cruose made immediatte plans for food and to protect himself from wild animals.Besides, he inherited the experience of many generations who had lived on the earth before him.
The novel stirs the imagination of people of all ages and all times. The task is a glorification of human labour, human being.
Foe was a true writer of the Enlightenment. He introduced the common man as the key-character of his novel, just like a enligment writer.
The story is told in the first person, much attention is paid to concrete details. This produces the
impression that the author himself lived through all the adventure described by him. After spending about fifteen years on the island, Crusoe found a man's naked footprint which kept him awake many nights. Then Crusoe saves a man who is named Friday and taught him English and religion and then they make a plan to leave from island. Then they become succesfull and Defoe returned to England.
Foe was a true writer of the Enlightenment. He introduced the common man as the key-character of his novel, just like a enligment writer.
The story is told in the first person, much attention is paid to concrete details. This produces the
impression that the author himself lived through all the adventure described by him. After spending about fifteen years on the island, Crusoe found a man's naked footprint which kept him awake many nights. Then Crusoe saves a man who is named Friday and taught him English and religion and then they make a plan to leave from island. Then they become succesfull and Defoe returned to England.
 |
| Daniel Defoe by Forever English |
 |
| Robinson Crusoe |
 |
| Rıbinson Crusoe |
